The paper looks again at:

• The underlying principles and language being used in an attempt to standardise usage
• They provide a definition defining cumulative effects assessment as a systematic procedure for identifying and evaluating the significance of effects from multiple sources / activities and for providing an estimate on the overall expected impact to inform management measures.
• The analysis of causes (source of pressures and effects), pathways and consequences of these effects on receptors is an essential and integral part of the process.
• The authors highlight the importance of risk assessment concepts.

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